Base32 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that represents binary data using a set of 32 alphanumeric characters. In base32, each 5 bits of binary data is represented by a single character from the set. It is often used for encoding data in a human-readable form, such as generating cryptographic keys or representing checksums. The base32 character set typically includes the digits 0-9 and the uppercase letters A-Z (excluding I, L, O), providing a total of 32 characters. Each character in a base32 encoding represents a fixed number of bits, making it useful for applications where a compact representation of binary data is needed.